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All price action in stocks is critically dependent on emotional reactions from varying market participants. Without emotions, price sits flat. There are many degrees of emotional surges, waves of euphoria and greed, and waves of panic and despair that drive prices up or down. And always within those waves are the killer rip-tides that come from those who have learned to control emotions, and wipe out those who do not have control. Ultimately, success in the market is a combination of anticipating the next move and the moves of all the other market participants who may enter that stock, and determining when you should participate. Unfortunately, most traders trade the market not as if they were playing chess with the complexity of the bluff of poker, but as if they were in Las Vegas, gambling on a roulette wheel.

In the world of stock trading there are Master Traders who have control over their emotions and then there are the Gambler traders who buy and sell based purely on emotion whether they realize it or not. A Master Trader combines the skill of a chess player who anticipates an opponent’s moves and plans his own well in advance and also uses the poker player’s bluff in never revealing his hand before he chooses to reveal it. A gambler is simply reacting to his emotions without logic or forethought in what he does.

Market participants who trade the market with the skill of a Master Chess Player–anticipating price action days, weeks, and months in advance; incorporating the ‘never reveal your hand’ aspect of poker–have the extreme advantage over gambler traders. They have control over their emotions and hence control over how they trade. The gambler trader is just throwing money at the market and hoping something will go their way.

It is also important to realize that you do not come to the market as a blank page. You come with the personal history of your life, what happened to you and more importantly, how you reacted to what happened. You have preconceived opinions and preset emotional trigger responses to each situation you will encounter in the market based on past experiences relating to money. You come to the market fully loaded with trigger points just waiting for the right conditions to fire. And they do.

Now you understand that even before you initiate a trade in the market; emotions are already underway–negatively impacting how you study the charts, learn a new strategy, or take a weekend seminar. Emotions are ruling your decisions, interpretations, and how you use what you have learned. The entire mechanism of emotions has begun to impact your trading before you ever enter an order. You are trading emotionally right now, at this moment. As you read this article, you are basing opinions about what you read on emotional reactions to what you have read before, how those articles helped or didn’t help your trading, and what you are expecting or hoping to find now.

Of course, there are varying degrees of Master Traders and Gambler traders. Most of the time, the larger the capital base a trader has available to trade, the more emotional control and discipline a trader has developed. The giant institutional investor manager who trades billions of dollars has ultimate control and discipline. The odd lot trader who has only a couple of thousand dollars to trade has the least emotional control. Statistics show that the smaller the capital base, the less knowledge a person has and the greater risk they take.

That said, there are small retail traders just like you, out there trading, who remain calm, cool, and collected no matter what is going on with their trade at any given moment in time. A floor trader for a big market maker firm can be down in their account by a million dollars but still can stay calm and choose the right decision to turn trades around to his advantage. How you do achieve this kind of control?

Steps to Controlling Emotions and Gaining Trading Discipline:

1. Know what you are going to do before you do it.

A Master Chess Player is at least 6 moves ahead of his opponent at every step in the game of Chess. A Master Trader identifies the market participants in that stock at that moment, determines when the next level of market participants will buy, decides a specific price for entry, and has one or more exit strategies planned for that stock trade before he ever places an order. In other words: he knows what he is going to do before he initiates the trade and has all of his various strategies worked out for all the different scenarios that can happen to that trade. He is prepared for all situations and ready to trade.

2. Develop your own unique Trading Style.

Too often traders simply follow the crowd. Instead you should develop your own unique trading style. A trading style is not a strategy. It is a set of parameters or rules that you adhere to strictly, ignoring rare anomalies that occur in your trading from time to time that go against your rules. Your trading style should also ignore gimmicks, fads, and ‘hot new strategies’ that are constantly being promoted to crowd traders. If you establish a set of parameters for your trading, write those rules down, and follow them while ignoring the crowd mentality of most small retail traders, you will begin to establish strong emotional control in your trading decisions. The trick is writing the parameters down and then sticking to those rules. Emotions want traders to ignore rules.

3. Ignore the Money.

Don’t trade for the money. Trade because you can’t imagine doing anything else. Trade because it is the most enjoyable and rewarding profession you can do. You can have a passion for studying charts without letting passion rule your decisions. Highly successful people, in any career, do not do their job because of the money, they do it because they love what they are doing and can’t imagine doing anything else. The money is secondary to doing the job that gives them purpose and self-esteem. Money is not the ultimate motivator, purpose and self-esteem are.

4. Don’t count your profits before the trade is completed.

Most traders worry about their profits and check them every day. They get elated when a stock they are holding moves up a few points and get frantic when a stock they are in moves down. They constantly check their held positions and calculate their gains or losses during the trading day. This is one of the biggest mistakes traders make and it creates an emotional state of mind that lacks control. Checking your profits or losses constantly is obsessive, gambling mode trading. And it is not based on facts.

Most traders assume that if they are in profit in a held stock they have made that money. Conversely, if they are losing money, then they take the stance that this is just a momentary loss and not a real loss. This is how most traders think, but it is the opposite of what they should be thinking.

To gain control over emotions and to gain discipline in your trading you must view your stocks this way: When a stock moves against you, you immediately have a loss, even before you are taken out of that stock. If the stock moves a few points in your favor then you have the potential for profits. But until you exit that stock you do not have profits. Only when you sell that stock do you actually have profits. A loss is immediate, even before you sell. Approaching your held stocks in this manner is critical to maintaining the proper viewpoint when holding stocks.

If you view every stock this way, your emotional control is geared for correct responses and decisions for the condition of your trade. If you say to yourself that a losing trade is going to turn around, you immediately increase your emotional level so that instead of thinking logically, you are hoping and praying for a miracle that the stock will turn around. This will cause you to miss subtle chart patterns that are telling you to dump the stock and move on.

If you are in a profitable trade and you say to yourself “look at all the money I’ve made!” you are in an emotional euphoric state of mind. Euphoria makes traders feel invincible, and you will ignore weakening patterns. The result of this euphoric state of mind is that you will either hold a stock too long, or you will take greater risks in your next few trades that will result in losses due to poor analysis dominated by emotions and a false sense of invincibility.

Solution to euphoria: First recognize it. Traders are never brilliant. It is only an ideal trade during great market conditions for that trade. To quell the euphoria, do not trade after you have made a huge profit. Take a few days to settle down. This is not gambling where you can say to yourself “I’m on a roll!” You are most definitely NOT on a roll. Trading takes logical analysis, not super-heated emotions of feeling brilliant. If you stop trading and let your emotions calm down, you will see huge improvements in your consistency of profitability. This is the reality of trading the stock market.

5. Know your risk tolerance.

Two chronic complaints from traders is that Market Makers are ‘out to get them’ and that stop losses don’t work. Both are fallacies steeped in conditions that create deep emotional trading patterns. First let’s get rid of ‘The Market Makers are out to get the little guys Syndrome’. The truth is the Market Makers primary role is to keep the markets orderly by buying or selling their own inventory of stock IF there are no buyers or sellers for an order. That is something that occurs only in large lot activity or illiquid stocks.

If you are trading under 5000 (five thousand) share lots, then you are trading what is considered a small lot in today’s market where billions of shares trade hands each day. The reality is that small orders under 10,000 share lots are routed to computer processing systems. These computer programs fill small lot orders automatically when received from the brokerage houses. Market Makers never see these small orders. NASDAQ has its SuperMontage automated order processing system and NYSE has Archipelago. The Market Makers don’t even know you exist. If your stop loss gets taken out and then the stock moves up (or down) this is not because a Market Maker saw your stop loss and decided to take you out of your tiny share lot trade, it occurred because too many small traders all used the same percentage stop loss and thereby accidentally created an imbalance of order flow that triggered a series of automatic selling that caused you to be taken out.

The second myth: Stop losses don’t work.

The problem is that you are trading way beyond your risk tolerance. Risk tolerance is different for each trader. Most traders don’t even know what their risk tolerance is nor do they consider this when entering a trade.

The common scenario:

A trader places a stop loss that is obviously too tight for the stock’s normal price action patterns because he is afraid to lose money. He thinks that if he keeps a very tight stop, then he is only risking a small amount of money. Often these stop losses are based on a specific dollar amount that has nothing to do the with the chart price action.

The trade is too high risk for his risk tolerance but instead of discarding the trade in search of a trade within his risk tolerance, he trades emotionally by convincing himself the trade will make him a lot of money and that if he just keeps a tighter stop then it is okay. The reality is that by keeping a tighter stop than the stock price action pattern indicates is correct, he is actually increasing his risk for that trade as the normal price action will wipe out that stop loss quickly. And that trader’s normal emotional response is that stop losses don’t work.

Rule for stop losses: Do not use common and popular percentage stop losses. Use proper stop losses based on solid support levels for that stock.

Properly placed stop losses do work. They protect you from the occasional trade that goes against you. And they tell you if the risk of the trade is too high–a common condition of an overextended stock ripe for profit taking by large lot traders. Improperly placed stop losses increase your risk and are an indication that you are trading outside of your risk tolerance. You are therefore trading emotionally.

How to control emotions:

Determine your risk tolerance and only trade stocks that are within that range. Usually the lower your capital base the lower your risk tolerance will be. As your capital increases, your risk tolerance should also increase as well. Never trade beyond your risk tolerance because you will trade with a heightened state of emotion and your decisions will be based upon greed or fear rather than logic.

6. Know your Financial Self-Worth.

Financial Self-Worth is probably the least known and least understood aspect of trading emotionally. Most traders don’t even realize or accept how much it impacts their trading. The most common symptom of this problem is the trader who suddenly makes some good trades and profits and is feeling great about his trading but the next few trades are disasters that leave him feeling bewildered and frustrated. If this has happened to you on more than one occasion, one of the reasons may be due to the influence of your financial self-worth.

Your financial self-worth is a culmination of many years of your professional adult work experience, your childhood experiences, your general feelings about money, and your educational experiences which create your perception of your worth to the society you live in.

These perceptions are a major emotional constraint in your trading. It is not created by your trading, but has been with you for many years prior to even thinking about becoming a trader. It influences your life far more than you probably realize. It can keep you from earning more money. And it can thwart and hinder your trading profitability. It keeps you from making a higher income and it sabotages your trading whenever you exceed your financial self-worth. It is the primary reason some traders make a lot of money while others have mediocre results.

Fortunately, financial self-worth is easy to determine and easy to adjust upward.

Taking the Financial Self-Worth Test will give you a basis that tells you critical information about yourself. Once you have assessed this aspect of your trading, it will lower emotions and give you more control. You can increase your financial self-worth and in doing so will increase your profitability, while eliminating that seesaw effect of gains followed by losses. You will have the tools to stop sabotaging your own trading profits.

7. Treat it like a Business.

If you want to make trading a full time career, you must treat it as any professional would in any career. View trading as a business rather than just a hobby and your entire emotional level will change. Set up an office that is quiet, well organized, and far away from distractions. Keeping your trading computer in the family room is just asking for poor trading results. Maintain accurate records of every transaction you make. Document all of your trading efforts in a Trading Journal. All professionals keep journals or logs to track their performance over time. All serious traders should also have journals or logs that detail what they have done. That way you can easily go back and study what happened before and compare to current patterns.

Professionals never stop learning. They know that being a professional requires constant training and education to continue to hone skills and expertise and to keep up with the ever changing world we live in. Nothing is stagnant, life is constantly changing and so is the stock market.

Be a Specialist. The highest paid and most successful professionals in any field are Specialists. For example, doctors who specialize make far more money than a general practitioner. Traders who specialize also make far greater returns than those who dabble and experiment with every new gimmick and strategy. Choose an area of stock trading and become exceptional in that area.

8. Paper Trade on an ongoing basis.

Test Theories before implementing them. Too often traders learn a new strategy or think of a new theory about trading and then rush in to the market without testing that theory or strategy. The end result is loss, often huge losses. A doctor wouldn’t test a theory on a live patient. Theories are tested in the lab for many years before they are used successfully on patients. The ideal way to test your theories or ideas is to simulate trade the current market for a period of time. Many traders attempt to back-test theories but the problem is that the market is constantly changing. The market we have had in the past 4 years is quite different than the market of the late 1990’s so back-testing your theory on the market of the 1990’s will give you different results than what you will have for this current market.

Reminder: It takes at least 100 trades to fully test a theory. Many traders test a theory on a few trades and then go live in the market only to have disappointing results.

9. Get rid of Traderitis.

Most retail traders trade too often. They react to the market instead of anticipating the market. Brokers, clearing houses, the news media, stock and options seminars, the exchanges, etc all benefit from retail traders activity. The more trades you do, the more profits your broker, clearing house, news media, and others make. They want you to trade as often as possible and they don’t care if you make money or lose money so long as you trade, trade, trade.

Traderitis is compulsive trading. It is grounded in the false belief that trading more often will result in more profits. It is a falsehood promoted by those who make money from your trading.

In the stock market less is more. If you made money 9 out of 10 trades and those trades were highly profitable with the one having a small loss, versus 100 trades where 55 trades were losses, and 45 were profitable, which group would make you more take home profits? Remember: quality, not quantity. Every time you trade, there are costs involved. If you have many losing trades it is more than just the loss of that trade, it is the cost of the order, the time you spent on it, and the overhead you incur when trading as a business.

Too many traders have Traderitis and are obsessed with trading and those who benefit from this kind of trader continually feed and nourish the fallacy that you must trade every day. You don’t. In fact if you only trade a few ideal patterns with low risk and strong profit potential you will be way ahead of your peers who trade hundreds of times every month. This is a proven statistical fact that nobody wants you to know.

10. Be Self-Reliant and take responsibility for your trades.

When a trader lacks self-confidence, they run around trying to find someone else to make their decisions for them. They buy dozens of newsletters that recommend stocks, watch news on TV that recommend stocks, and listen to numerous “gurus” touting great picks. This is the realm of insecure traders and their performance and success in the stock market is dismal.

To be highly successful at anything, you must take responsibility for your own actions. You must learn to depend upon yourself and your ability to make sound decisions. IF you are a novice trader, just starting to trade with limited experience, choose one mentor to guide you while you develop your self-confidence and skills for trading. Don’t listen to every guru and TV commentator as this will only confuse you. Find someone who can help you develop your own unique trading style and wants to teach you to becoming self-reliant.

If you are experienced but have gotten into the bad habit of getting angry after a bad trade, and blame the market, your broker, your trading buddy, your spouse, or whatever for that bad trade, then you need to work on taking charge of your trading. This is the symptom of someone who lacks self-confidence in their own trading decisions. If you are not confident you can choose good stocks, then you should not be trading live in the market. This usually means you didn’t paper trade or simulate trade long enough when you were first learning to trade.

Solution: Go back to the simulator and stop trading live in the market. It doesn’t matter whether it takes a few weeks or a few years. Until you are confident that you and you alone, are fully capable of consistently choosing good trades, you will never be successful as a stock trader or options player. If you aren’t successful paper trading or simulator trading then you will not be successful trading live in the market.

Professional traders make their own choices and their own decisions. They select one or two websites they use for stock and fundamental analysis, they have one primary charting program, and one to two internet brokers they use. They are comfortable and confident with every trade they enter and they remain calm and secure with their decisions even when the occasional trade goes against them. One bad trade doesn’t ruin their self-confidence. And they always use stop losses to minimize the risk of a large loss. They know that nothing is 100% in or out of the market and that being prepared for all contingencies is the best way to maintain consistent success. They rely upon their own technical skills to select stocks and ignore the crowds that are chasing stocks from “recommended” lists.

In Summary:

Most small retail traders are not held in high opinion by the professional traders of the market. The reason is simple. Most retail traders lack emotional control and discipline. They ignore sound trading rules and rush into the market to get rich, thinking it is easy if they only find that perfect strategy. But those few retail traders who do succeed and become successful are held in high regard by the community of traders. If you want to join this group, follow these simple rules:

Practice, experience, and skill will create self-confidence. You can’t over-practice trading. Behave professionally and treat your trading as a business. Develop your own unique trading style and don’t follow the crowd. Be self-reliant and develop self-confidence before trading live in the market. Know your financial self-worth and risk tolerance and strive to continually improve both of these areas. Realize that trading is a process and that you will always be in a professional learning mode. Have a passion for what you do but don’t allow passion to rule your trading decisions.

If you do all of these things, you will trade with controlled emotions and will have consistent success as a stock or options trader.

Author

Martha Stokes

www.TechniTrader.com

C.M.T. © copyright 2007 all rights reserved. Published with permission.

Martha Stokes C.M.T. is the Senior Technical Analyst and co-instructor for TechniTrader®, the educational division of Decisions Unlimited. Stokes’ courses teach swing, position, options, intermediate, and long term trading and investing. In her 25 years of teaching and trading, Stokes has developed all of the material featured in this series and writes for various paper and internet publications. She also authors daily and weekly newsletters for all of her students on market condition and in-depth analysis of stocks, trading techniques, and strategies.

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Here's what brought me this subject. Whilst discussing the markets with one of my students he was trying to justify a position in the market he had. This particular trader was an intraday trader who normally trades off a 1 minute and 5 minute chart. His typical style of trading was to try and catch the early stage of a trend.

During our discussion I asked him this simple question. What is the market doing right now? His reply was that it was doing nothing, it was flat. Herein lies the crux of the matter.

Even though new traders have taken a course or read bundles of books. They know good money management principle and have a good method to apply to the markets; they still feel compelled to trade a market that doesn't fit their criteria.

Experienced traders get so involved with the market and are so close to what they are trading they forget to take a step back and ask. What is the market doing right now? They often feel so in tune with the market they forget to look at the big picture.

A trader wakes up each day with the assumption that he will do his best to take some profit from the market. He sits down at his computer screen and starts looking for opportunities or tries to apply his predefined rules for entry and exit.

Because he has gone through this process he is psychologically trying to fit the market into his assumption that there is an opportunity when in fact there is not.

Let me give you an example. The student I mentioned earlier was so keen to get into the market that he had convinced himself that a trend had started when in fact there was no trend there. He had been staring at the computer screen so long, watching every tick that when there was a slight movement in the market he was on it.

As I mentioned earlier this particular trader liked to try and catch a trend. What I suggested he do is printout the chart he was looking at then go for a cup of coffee. Take 10 minutes out and then come back to his printout of the chart and honestly ask himself if the market was trending or not.

By just taking a step back from the situation and looking at the market action realistically it was obvious the market was not trending and there was in fact no opportunity at present.

I have seen trader take four or five steps away from the computer screen just to get a different perspective on the chart. Try it. Take a chart of the security you are trading, make it so that you have as much data as possible on the screen and then take a few steps away from the computer screen and have a look. You might be surprised!

I mention this mainly for the benefit of new traders because they have a tendency to throw out everything they have learned when dealing with their own money in a live market.

As the trader becomes more experienced they get better at applying money management rules and disciplining themselves to stick to there predefined method.

The other side of the coin is the experienced trader who has become so involved with analysis and levels that he is convinced that a particular level will hold and the market is about to move in his anticipated direction.

We can never control or accurately predict where the market will go. All we can do is exploit certain situation in the market as they happen. If we are a breakout trader and the market breaks out of a range then we rightly should be on it. If we are trend following type trader and the market is trending then we should be in that trend as soon as we can confirm it.

Trading 101

A market that is trending up should have higher peaks and higher valleys. The majority of bars should also have higher highs and higher lows. In a down trend the market should have lower valleys and lower peaks and the majority of bars should have lower lows and lower highs.

When a market is in consolidation (bracketing/flat) the price will generally oscillate in a broad range. Traders who are watching for the breakout will monitor the security for a qualified break. They may place a straddle traded to catch the move regardless of whether it breaks up or down.

There are traders who specialize in trading consolidation. I don't however recommend it to new traders simply because they get whipsawed too much.

OK, so now we have gone over the basics. Here's the one thing that will help your trading regardless of your level of development. When you start your day the first thing to do when your charts come up is ask yourself this question. What is the market doing right now?

If you are waiting for a breakout or for a confirmed trend and the market is in consolidation, do nothing. This can be hard to accept if you are eager to trade but believe me it will save you a lot of money.

There will be days when there is just no opportunity to trade. There will be times especially after a losing streak that you are just busting to get back in and this is when you have to ask yourself the question. What is the market doing right now? Would it be wiser to just site on the sidelines? Remember that not having a position in the market is a position. You are flat.

We all aspire to become the perfect trader with a well thought out methodology with good money management and discipline like iron. The reality is that at some time during your trading career you will either get into the market when you shouldn't or you will want to jump in because you are trading off emotions and not reality.

When that time comes just remember the question!

Good Trading

Best Regards

Mark McRae

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This is a concept I’ve borrowed from my previous career in the aviation industry, where it is one of the key components taught in the field of Crew Resource Management and Aviation Safety.

Situational Awareness, as defined by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) in their Industry CFIT (Controlled Flight Into Terrain) Task Force is…

“… an accurate perception of the factors and conditions currently affecting the safe operation of the aircraft and crew.”

You may be familiar with the statement that we don’t trade the markets, but rather our mental interpretation of the markets. Situational Awareness is about providing you with the knowledge and skills to ensure that not only is your mental model based as much on reality as possible, but that it also updates in real-time as the price action evolves.

To apply the concept to trading, I find it easier to bypass the official definition above and use the ‘working definition’ provided by Endsley (1988). Situational Awareness is…

“the perception of elements in the environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their status in the future.”

This definition has three key components – perception, comprehension and projection.

1.     Perception – Being capable of accurately perceiving the information that the markets are providing.

2.     Comprehension – Understanding, or interpreting, the information available from the markets.

3.     Projection – Anticipating future trade setup opportunities based on your understanding of the market movement.

Perceiving market movement, understanding what that means, and knowing how that will most likely develop in the future.  In other words, just knowing what’s going on… or market analysis!

So in applying the Situational Awareness concept to the conduct of my own market analysis, I break the task into three distinct phases:

Perceive the Market Environment

Effective market perception requires recognition and acceptance of the many factors which limit our ability to accurately perceive information, and adoption of strategies to minimize the impact of these factors.

This includes physical factors – you can’t perform at your best if you’re suffering the effects of fatigue, especially long-term chronic fatigue. So my daily market routine has checks to ensure I am adequately rested (as outlined in this article here -http://www.yourtradingcoach.com/Articles-Personal-Development/Trader-Fatigue-Management.html). In addition, I make it a priority to ensure that I have eaten a healthy meal and have a bottle of water at the trading desk.

Likewise we need to manage our psychological state, in particular minimising any distress. Take time to remove or manage any external stressors that may impact on your trading, and implement a routine of relaxation into your daily processes.

The final part of accurate perception in my market analysis is observation of the price data. The primary error that most traders make here is filtering the data through their pre-existing beliefs about potential movement. As Joe Ross says, it’s essential to trade what you see, not what you think.

In order to trade what I see, this part of the perception phase requires an objective observation of where price sits within my multiple timeframe structure of support and resistance, which direction it is trending, the nature of that trend, and the nature of the swings within that trend through observing changes in momentum and volatility.

No opinion – just the objective facts.

Understand the Market Environment

Having observed the market in as clear and unbiased a state as possible, we now aim to interpret that information.

You’ll see that success in each of these phases is essential for success in the following step. Obviously, the worse our perception, the less chance we have of reasonable interpretation or understanding of the market environment. Garbage in, garbage out!

So, assuming we’ve done our best with perception (and it will improve with experience more than anything), we now move on to ensuring we understand the data.

The critical factor in this phase is in having developed a deep understanding of the nature of price movement. If your underlying premise is faulty, your market analysis will also be flawed.

Why does price move? Not surprisingly, most traders have no idea at all. They use technical analysis simply as a predictive tool. Their entry triggers fire when price has moved a certain distance in one direction, and they enter for no other reason than hoping it will keep moving in that same direction, just because it seems to have done so a percentage of time in the past.

Valid analysis requires a better foundation than hope. If the above paragraph describes you, take some time to study the nature of price movement, perhaps through a study of supply and demand, or the dual-auction process as taught in Market Profile.

This phase of market analysis, for me, involves looking at the current price action from two different angles – firstly from the perspective of supply and demand and secondly from the perspective of other traders. This is not in a predictive manner, but simply in trying to understand the thoughts and expectations of the traders who have brought price to its current place.

Project into the Future

And finally, having perceived and understood the nature of the past price movement, and considered the mindset of the market participants who have created that price action, I project this forward to identify potential areas of opportunity.

“If price gets to point A, those traders trying to fade the move will be forced to cover, providing an opportunity for me to join their exit order flow.”

“If price gets to the resistance area at point B and stalls, it will show a drying up of buying. Any downward push will create a flood of sell orders, as the longs take profit and the late longs scramble to minimize their loss. I need to be looking for a short trigger somewhere in the vicinity of B in order to profit from this panicked exit.”

Once again this is not prediction.  It is development of a series of if-then based scenarios, for potential price action and potential setup opportunities. Yes, I do develop a bias for most-likely movement through conducting this process, and have an expectation of which scenario I most favor. However I’m not fixed into a mindset of believing that my analysis is going to happen. A side benefit of understanding the potential flaws in market analysis, whether in perception, comprehension or projection, is that I’m well aware of my own fallibility. My own analysis is likely faulty to some degree. Hence a great appreciation for management of risk and position sizing.

Summary

We can discuss these phases in more detail in future articles. Each phase is potentially a whole topic on its own. There are numerous factors which limit our effectiveness in carrying out all three phases of our analysis. From the performance limitations and biases which limit our ability to perceive data, to the lack of understanding of what really moves markets leading to a faulty premises and assumptions, the fact that we’re human makes the process of trading quite difficult indeed. Anyway, that’s for further articles.

In the meantime, have a think about how you conduct your own analysis and whether or not there’s scope to introduce Situational Awareness into your processes. Profitable trading requires good decision making. And good decision making requires effective analysis. Improving your skills in perception of the market environment, understanding what it means, and projecting that into future probabilities, is essential to improving your analysis and ultimately your trading results.

Author:

Lance Beggs

www.yourtradingcoach.com

Reference:

Endsley, M.R. (1988). Design and evaluation for situation awareness enhancement. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting (pp. 97 -101). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Society.

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